Education: A Mirror of Society

ASUU Reject FG Offer

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCmZd8T7rtudtv-H2YwlO7talUVoTd9XvvWgx1keZbJCWKP6vJIvyTuLoFkMM7LEA1zBOuymubwOLJbJkucDwjEUT2YYDHeLeX3mow0aXOe0lH1Wrv1ElXDyhG78ut744oWwJ5Qz5xHDE/s1600/FG-vs-ASUU-430x281-picsay.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="ASUU" border="0" height="209" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCmZd8T7rtudtv-H2YwlO7talUVoTd9XvvWgx1keZbJCWKP6vJIvyTuLoFkMM7LEA1zBOuymubwOLJbJkucDwjEUT2YYDHeLeX3mow0aXOe0lH1Wrv1ElXDyhG78ut744oWwJ5Qz5xHDE/s1600/FG-vs-ASUU-430x281-picsay.jpg" title="FG VS ASUU" width="320" /></a></div>
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ASUU strike continues following rejection of the FG proposal to spend 200billion naira annually to raise standard of university education in the country.
ASUU insisted that the FG should fully implement the 2009 agreement which it voluntarily entered into.<br />
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Part of that agreement was for FG to spend 400billion naira annually over a period of four years on education much of which would be allocated to universities to improve infrastructures among other things.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRzUXhfZiiZrEfNzgNfHV8bsT3tkI1yGzAqD2Lgh1ztbmlJpGPU47yExKXFhZWy4t2v6eeA3kGWk-a37DVv2QHqfrnVuiiZACNBQnzJhfurbfdTfZDwvXhF4FOCiu6qgBEQRCsxPOxmL4/s1600/2013-10-18--08_53_58-picsay.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> <img alt="ASUU LOGO" border="0" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRzUXhfZiiZrEfNzgNfHV8bsT3tkI1yGzAqD2Lgh1ztbmlJpGPU47yExKXFhZWy4t2v6eeA3kGWk-a37DVv2QHqfrnVuiiZACNBQnzJhfurbfdTfZDwvXhF4FOCiu6qgBEQRCsxPOxmL4/s640/2013-10-18--08_53_58-picsay.jpg" title="ASUU LOGO" /> </a> </div>
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ASUU Reject FG Offer

ASUU strike continues following rejection of the FG proposal to spend 200billion naira annually to raise standard of university educati...

Adelaide Scholarships International (ASI)

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9UCDbYsYdneHNhGXnhoJ3qixNmXiIcEWJjRnXKQoD6ydAa_e4CalvaUyDxH_mNc8RXRHz6z2e6A_v9WVX5O2fh-Sm_mw5mkEXjnFjlDGtC-cjwwwlP_LTQW_qQfVY8hnCCzhmvbLnpMA/s1600/bg-header-logo-ds.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Scholarship at adelaide, australia" border="0" height="121" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9UCDbYsYdneHNhGXnhoJ3qixNmXiIcEWJjRnXKQoD6ydAa_e4CalvaUyDxH_mNc8RXRHz6z2e6A_v9WVX5O2fh-Sm_mw5mkEXjnFjlDGtC-cjwwwlP_LTQW_qQfVY8hnCCzhmvbLnpMA/s400/bg-header-logo-ds.png" title="University of Adelaide" width="400" /></a></div>
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Brief description</h4>
Adelaide Scholarships International are available in the four scholarship rounds to outstanding international applicants from <b>any country</b> who have a First Class Honours result or equivalent, to support their study towards a Higher Degree by Research.  Awards are available in all Discipline areas.</div>
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Benefits</h4>
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Course tuition fees for two years for a Masters degree by Research and three years for a Doctoral research degree (an extension is possible for doctoral programs only), </div>
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An annual living allowance ($25,849 in 2015) for two years for a Masters degree by Research and three years for a Doctoral research degree (an extension is possible for doctoral programs only), and </div>
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If the award holder holds a subclass 574 visa the award covers the cost of compulsory standard Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC) Worldcare policy for the student and their spouse and dependents (if any) for the period of the scholarship. If the award holder does not hold a subclass 574 visa then he/she is responsible for the cost of health insurance. </div>
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<b>Note.</b>The scholarship does NOT cover visa application fees.</div>
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Host Country</h4>
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Australia</div>
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Host Institution</h4>
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University of Adelaide</div>
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How to Apply</h4>
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Visit the scholarship website provided below.</div>
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Eligibility</h4>
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In order to be eligible applicants are required to have successfully completed at least the equivalent of an Australian First Class Honours degree (this is a four year degree with a major research project in the final year).  All qualifying programs of study must be successfully completed.</div>
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Visit the scholarship web page provided below to read the full eligibility criteria.</div>
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Website</h4>
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<a href="data:image/jpeg;base64,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imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>Follow the link for more details and application. <a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/graduatecentre/scholarships/research-international/opportunities/adelaide-scholarship-international/" target="_blank">Adelaide Scholarships International</a></div>
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Adelaide Scholarships International (ASI)

Brief description Adelaide Scholarships International are available in the four scholarship rounds to outstanding international ap...

AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY HAS A NEW V.C

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR_KO1b9QwK1IvGxrQTKRBgVOaKqOkc6l8x-UJqm0ely8Syc2ejjn0qRSVbYxSUEbehvuiLoZc8X4bseH_1ixPNuvTKYbHotn9ExkCXi6Ixmu0iLNma1k_lriMITfiXthlTklsoCE3Pak/s1600/CAM00002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="ABU Logo" border="0" height="200" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR_KO1b9QwK1IvGxrQTKRBgVOaKqOkc6l8x-UJqm0ely8Syc2ejjn0qRSVbYxSUEbehvuiLoZc8X4bseH_1ixPNuvTKYbHotn9ExkCXi6Ixmu0iLNma1k_lriMITfiXthlTklsoCE3Pak/s1600/CAM00002.jpg" title="Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria" width="150" /></a></div>
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Nigeria's prestigious university, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria has a new Vice Chancellor. Making the announcement at the end of its 162nd Special Council Meeting, on Saturday 21st of March, Arch. Mohammed Dewu, the Council Chairman, said, the Governing Council has appointed Professor Ibrahim Garba of Geology Department as the new Vice Chancellor of the university.</div>
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The Chairman described the four days screening, interview, and selection exercise that led to Prof. Garba's appointment as rigorous and transparent adding that the smooth conduct and outcome of the process is unprecedented in the recent history of transition in the university.</div>
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The new V.C who hail from Kano State, was born on 25th February, 1957 at Riruwai, Doguwa Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. He had his first and second degrees at ABU and his PhD at University of London. He was at various times, Head of Geology Department, ABU and once served as the Vice Chancellor of Kano State University of Science and Technology, Wudil.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqwYySGzKWcjJJ16w4b4ivUNq74ZhCXKwiIyVuuFKxQ1MQKRgqseSB0bfQ5P50IVaNHD-cMadjIcIpZkIRq2YqJCxIZSXUx_PK9vVCr2YwKVfNYmMe6ucMvAo-U0IaIGn7wkFVmG58174/s1600/CAM00051_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="ABU vice chancellor" border="0" height="200" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqwYySGzKWcjJJ16w4b4ivUNq74ZhCXKwiIyVuuFKxQ1MQKRgqseSB0bfQ5P50IVaNHD-cMadjIcIpZkIRq2YqJCxIZSXUx_PK9vVCr2YwKVfNYmMe6ucMvAo-U0IaIGn7wkFVmG58174/s1600/CAM00051_1.jpg" title="Prof. Garba Ibrahim  ABU VICE CHANCELLOR" width="178" /></a></div>
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Professor Garba is expected to assume office on the 1st of May, 2015 replacing the incumbent V.C, Professor Abdullahi Mustapha.</div>
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AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY HAS A NEW V.C

Nigeria's prestigious university, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria has a new Vice Chancellor. Making the announcement at the end ...

Another Mass Failure? What WAEC Results Reveal About Nigerian Education

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<div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="isSelectedEnd">No one bothers anymore to say, “Not again!”</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">The time has passed when stakeholders spilled ink lamenting mass failure in national examinations such as the West African Senior School Certificate Examination conducted by WAEC and the Senior School Certificate Examination conducted by NECO.</p><p>Year after year, fewer people seem to pay attention to the news because mass failure has almost become an annual routine. Our minds have gradually adapted to it, and many parents and guardians now believe they know their way around the problem.</p></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="isSelectedEnd">While children from poor families struggle, some wealthy parents know where to find so-called “special examination centres” and how much to pay. In some of these centres, candidates are promised good results, and they don't have to sit for the examination. They are assured of obtaining at least five credits, including Mathematics and English Language, through organised examination malpractice.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">As a result, some unemployed youths and corrupt examination agents make a living from what has become an examination-malpractice industry. To them, it may appear better than defrauding or robbing people directly.</p><p>The illegal business can involve different participants, including dishonest cybercafé operators, school proprietors, supervisors, invigilators, agents and parents. Almost everyone involved receives a share of the proceeds—except the students, whose education and character suffer in the long run.</p></div>
<h2>WAEC Performance and Withheld Results, 2010–2014</h2><h4 style="text-align: justify;"><div style="font-weight: 400;">The assertion that, there is an increasing level of malpractices in national examination is well supported by data as shown in the table below.</div><div style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></div><table><tbody><tr><th>Year</th><th>Candidates with Five Credits, Including English and Mathematics</th><th>Results Withheld</th></tr><tr><td>2010</td><td><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span>24.94%</td><td><span>    </span>5.70%</td></tr><tr><td>2011</td><td><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span>30.91%</td><td><span>    </span>5.29%</td></tr><tr><td>2012</td><td><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span>38.81%</td><td><span>    </span>6.73%</td></tr><tr><td>2013</td><td><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span>36.57%</td><td><span>    </span>6.75%</td></tr><tr><td>2014</td><td><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span>    </span>31.28%</td><td><span>    </span>8.61%</td></tr></tbody></table></h4>
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<p class="isSelectedEnd">In 2014, 529,425 of the 1,692,435 candidates who sat the examination obtained at least five credits, including English Language and Mathematics. WAEC also withheld the results of 145,795 candidates, representing 8.61 per cent, over suspected examination malpractice.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Over the five-year period, the percentage of withheld results rose from 5.70 per cent in 2010 to 8.61 per cent in 2014. Meanwhile, the percentage of candidates obtaining the required five credits rose and fell, reaching its highest point of 38.81 per cent in 2012 before falling to 31.28 per cent in 2014.<br /></span><br />The number of results withheld itself is only indicative of malpractices rate and not an exact picture of what transpire in numerous examination centres scattered across the country. Some cases of  malpractices goes unnoticed, ignored or un-penalized. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Likewise, t<span style="text-align: left;">he average pass rate during the five years was approximately 32.5 per cent. This meant that fewer than one in three candidates, on average, obtained five credits, including English Language and Mathematics.</span></div><p>The result was worrying and raised serious questions about the quality of teaching, learning conditions, school supervision, student preparation and the integrity of the examination process.</p>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><h2>More Schools, but Has the Standard Improved?</h2><p class="isSelectedEnd">Almost every academic session, new schools are established, often by private individuals. However, the growing number of schools has not always resulted in a corresponding improvement in educational standards.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">In some private schools, profit comes before quality. Some school owners are more concerned about attracting large numbers of students and producing impressive examination results than providing qualified teachers, adequate laboratories, libraries and proper academic supervision.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Government schools also face serious problems.</p><p>In many cases, the government appears to have reduced its role to paying staff salaries and providing only a few basic needs. Classrooms remain overcrowded, instructional materials are inadequate, laboratories are poorly equipped and teachers are not always given the training and motivation required to perform effectively.</p></div>
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<p class="isSelectedEnd">Several observers trace the decline in Nigeria’s education system to the economic difficulties of the 1980s, particularly the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programme. Reduced public spending and declining living standards affected education, as they affected many other sectors.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Although there have been periods when increased oil revenue could have supported major infrastructural and human development in education, the opportunity was not always properly used.</p><p>The prolonged strikes by workers across different levels of the education system have also reflected dissatisfaction with funding, working conditions and government policies.</p></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><h2>Original Outlook for 2015</h2><p class="isSelectedEnd">At the time this article was first written, Nigeria was once again facing economic difficulties and a possible change of government. It seemed unlikely that much would change in 2015.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">The concern was that unless the government lived up to its responsibilities through targeted policies, adequate funding and proper implementation, no amount of spilled ink would reverse the downward trend in the education sector.</p><p>That concern remains relevant, although later examination results show that the situation has not followed a simple, continuous downward movement.<br /><br /></p><h2>Update: July 2026</h2><p class="isSelectedEnd">WAEC performance improved considerably in several years after 2014.</p><p>In the 2024 WASSCE for school candidates, 72.12 per cent of candidates obtained at least five credits, including English Language and Mathematics. WAEC initially withheld 215,267 results, representing 11.92 per cent of the candidates, over reported cases of suspected examination malpractice.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Nevertheless, examination malpractice remains a serious concern. The presence of withheld results, special centres, collusion, impersonation and the use of mobile devices during examinations shows that the struggle for credible assessment is not over.</p><p>A high pass rate does not automatically prove that educational standards have improved.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Nigeria therefore needs more than higher examination pass rates. It needs properly funded schools, qualified and motivated teachers, responsible parents, honest school administrators, effective supervision and a society that values learning more than certificates.</p><p>Until these responsibilities are taken seriously, the annual argument over mass failure will continue—and another disturbing result will always be waiting around the corner.</p></div>
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Another Mass Failure? What WAEC Results Reveal About Nigerian Education

No one bothers anymore to say, “Not again!” The time has passed when stakeholders spilled ink lamenting mass failure in national examinatio...

ANOTHER ASUP STRIKE LOOMS

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The Academic Staff Union of Polytechnics have announced intent to paralyze academic activities should the Federal Government of Nigeria fail by Wednesday 25th, to implement agreements it signed with the union more than four years ago.</div>
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Members of the union had in 2013 embark on an indefinite strike action that paralyze academic activities in Federal polytechnics, demanding the Federal government to honour agreements it signed with the union. The union later suspend its almost a year long strike action in 2014 after fresh promises were made by the government to meet the union's demands.</div>
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The union has however, reiterated that none of the items on their list of demands have been satisfied. </div>
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Among the union's demanding are, that Needs Assessment Committee be set up to establish areas of infrastructural interventions in polytechnics, constitution of Governing Councils for polytechnics and establishment of National Polytechnic Commission as its obtainable for universities, improvement in salary structure and an end to the discrimination of polytechnic graduates in the labour market. </div>
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UPDATED</h3>
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The union on Tuesday 25th announced it has reverse its decision to down tools in protest of non implementation of agreement signed with the government, the annoncement was made after a meeting with the Minister of Education, Ibrahim Shekarau and House of Representatives Committee Members on Education, according to the union, the outcome of the meeting was fruitful and the union is thus shelving its planned strike actions.</div>
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The union said, it received assurance from the Mr Shekarau that all their demands will be looked into, also the lawmakers promised to expedite action on the union's demand, including passing into law a bill establishing a National Polytechnic Commission.</div>
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The union has advised its members to continue to discharge their lawful duty while its leadership pursue dialogue to resolve outstanding issues with the government.</div>
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ANOTHER ASUP STRIKE LOOMS

The Academic Staff Union of Polytechnics have announced intent to paralyze academic activities should the Federal Government of Nigeria fa...

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" title="Free book image" width="400" /> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><p><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Editorial note:</strong> This post was first published when free e-book platforms were less common. Some of the websites originally listed have since changed, disappeared or adopted paid subscription models. The list has therefore been updated to include active and legal sources of free books.</span></p></blockquote><p>Information may be freely available, but finding reliable books can sometimes be frustrating. As more publishers and authors embrace digital publishing, the cost and accessibility of books have been positively affected.</p><p>More importantly, many publishers, universities and organisations now make books available to the public at no cost.</p><p>Below are some carefully selected websites where books can be read or downloaded legally and free of charge.</p><p>So, get reading and downloading!</p><h2><a href="https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks">Open Textbook Library</a></h2><p>The Open Textbook Library contains free textbooks covering subjects such as accounting, business, computer science, education, law, mathematics, natural sciences and social sciences.</p><p>The books are openly licensed, meaning they can be legally read, downloaded and, depending on the licence, adapted with proper acknowledgement.</p><h2><a href="https://openstax.org/">OpenStax</a></h2><p>OpenStax provides free, peer-reviewed textbooks for secondary-school and university-level courses.</p><p>Its collection includes Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Economics, Business, Psychology and other subjects. The books can be read online or downloaded in digital formats at no cost.</p><h2><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books">NCBI Bookshelf</a></h2><p>NCBI Bookshelf is an online collection of books and documents in medicine, healthcare and the life sciences.</p><p>It contains materials on biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, public health and other biomedical subjects. Most materials can be searched and read online, while available download options depend on the particular publication.</p><h2><a href="https://www.doabooks.org/">Directory of Open Access Books</a></h2><p>The Directory of Open Access Books, commonly known as DOAB, provides access to scholarly, peer-reviewed books made available under open-access licences.</p><p>Its collection covers different academic subjects and languages. Users can search by title, subject, author or publisher and follow the link to the full book.</p><h2><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/">Project Gutenberg</a></h2><p>Project Gutenberg is one of the oldest and largest sources of free electronic books.</p><p>It contains thousands of books, particularly classic works whose copyrights have expired. Books are available in formats such as EPUB, Kindle and plain text, and they can also be read online.</p><p>Readers should still consider the copyright laws applicable in their own countries.</p><h2><a href="https://www.onlineprogrammingbooks.com/">Online Programming Books</a></h2><p>Online Programming Books provides free books and learning materials on programming, computer science, software development, artificial intelligence, web design and computer hardware.</p><p>Users can search by programming language or subject and follow the provided links to books that are legally available online.</p><h2><a href="https://www.planetebook.com/">Planet eBook</a></h2><p>For readers who enjoy classic novels and literature, Planet eBook is a useful option.</p><p>It provides a smaller, carefully prepared collection of classic books in PDF, EPUB and MOBI formats. Since copyright laws differ between countries, users should check whether a particular work is in the public domain where they live.</p><h2><a href="https://www.free-ebooks.net/">Free-eBooks.net</a></h2><p>Free-eBooks.net contains fiction, non-fiction, academic and self-published books.</p><p>A free account allows users to download a limited number of books each month. Unlimited downloads and additional formats require a paid membership, so book choices should be made carefully.</p><h2><a href="https://openlibrary.org/">Open Library</a></h2><p>Open Library allows users to search, read and borrow millions of books online.</p><p>Some public-domain books may be freely read or downloaded, while copyrighted books are generally available for digital borrowing for a limited period. A free account is required for borrowing.</p><h2>Download Responsibly</h2><p>A website offering a book without payment does not automatically mean that it has permission to distribute it.</p><p>Readers should use recognised open-access libraries, public-domain collections, official publishers and legitimate digital-lending services. Authors and publishers deserve acknowledgement and protection for their work.</p><p>This list will be updated as more useful and legal sources become available.</p></div>
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Top Legal Sites to Read and Download Free Books

Editorial note: This post was first published when free e-book platforms were less common. Some of the websites originally listed hav...

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